Across Protocol (ACX): A Scalable Cross-Chain Solution for Layer 2 and Ethereum

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Cross-chain interoperability remains one of the most critical challenges in the decentralized ecosystem. As Ethereum’s Layer 2 (L2) scaling solutions gain adoption, users need fast, secure, and cost-effective ways to move assets between chains. Across Protocol (ACX) emerges as a next-generation cross-chain bridge designed specifically to address these needs—offering seamless token transfers between Ethereum and its L2 networks with minimal fees and slippage.

Built on innovative mechanisms like optimistic oracles, bonded relayers, and a single-side liquidity pool model, Across Protocol redefines how cross-chain bridges operate. This article dives deep into how Across works, its core features, tokenomics of ACX, and its growing role in the multi-chain future.

How Across Protocol Works: Bridging Chains with Speed and Security

At its core, Across Protocol enables users to transfer tokens from one blockchain to another—particularly between Ethereum Mainnet and popular L2s such as Arbitrum, Optimism, Base, Polygon, and zkSync.

Here’s how it works:

  1. A user initiates a transfer by depositing tokens into the Spoke Pool on the source chain (e.g., Arbitrum), specifying the destination chain (e.g., Ethereum) and the fee they’re willing to pay.
  2. A relayer monitors the Spoke Pool and, upon verifying the deposit, instantly sends an equivalent amount of tokens to the user on the destination chain.
  3. The relayer then submits proof of the original deposit and the completed relay to an optimistic oracle (OO)—powered by UMA—to validate the transaction.
  4. Once confirmed, the relayer is reimbursed from the Hub Pool on Ethereum Mainnet, which holds the single-side liquidity provided by liquidity providers (LPs).

This mechanism ensures near-instant finality without waiting for lengthy L2-to-L1 withdrawal periods, all while maintaining security through economic incentives and fraud-proof verification.

👉 Discover how secure cross-chain transfers can supercharge your DeFi strategy

Key Features of Across Protocol

✅ Fast & Low-Cost Bridge

The primary function of Across is its cross-chain bridge, optimized for speed and affordability. Unlike traditional bridges that rely on slow message-passing or trust-minimized but delayed proofs, Across uses bonded relayers to front liquidity immediately.

✅ Liquidity Pools for Passive Earnings

Liquidity Providers (LPs) can stake assets in the Hub Pool on Ethereum and earn passive income through:

LPs receive LP tokens representing their share and can participate in long-term reward programs that boost returns over time.

✅ ACX Rewards & Incentive Programs

Across uses its native ACX token to incentivize participation across the ecosystem via two main programs:

🔹 Referral Program

Users generate a unique referral link and earn ACX when others complete bridging transactions using it. Both referrer and referee benefit—encouraging organic growth.

🔹 Reward Locking Program

This advanced version of liquidity mining rewards long-term commitment. The longer LPs lock their rewards, the higher their share of future ACX distributions—discouraging short-term "farm-and-dump" behavior.

This structure fosters sustainable ecosystem growth by aligning user incentives with protocol longevity.

✅ Transparent Transaction Tracking

Users can view their full transaction history directly within the Across interface, including transfer status, fees paid, relayer used, and estimated completion time—ensuring full transparency.

ACX Token: Utility and Distribution

ACX is the native ERC-20 token of Across Protocol, deployed on Ethereum and bridged to multiple L2s. It serves dual purposes: governance and utility.

🔧 Core Use Cases of ACX

📊 Token Metrics

Note: Earlier reports citing 264 million as total supply were incorrect; the max supply is 1 billion ACX.

🏦 Token Allocation

While the full vesting schedule hasn’t been publicly released, gradual unlocks are expected to ensure long-term stability.

Where to Trade and Store ACX

💱 Trading Platforms

ACX is available on both centralized and decentralized exchanges:

🛡️ Wallet Compatibility

Since ACX follows the ERC-20 standard, it can be stored in any compatible wallet:

For active traders, keeping ACX on exchange wallets may offer convenience—but long-term holders should prioritize self-custody.

👉 Learn how to securely manage cross-chain assets across multiple networks

Development Team and Backers

Across Protocol was co-founded by experienced builders deeply embedded in the Ethereum ecosystem:

The team raised $10 million in November 2022 from top-tier crypto investors including:

This strong backing reflects confidence in Across’ technical innovation and long-term vision for cross-chain infrastructure.

Strategic Partnerships

Across has formed key collaborations to strengthen its ecosystem:

These partnerships enhance reliability, expand reach, and improve capital efficiency across chains.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

❓ Is Across Protocol safe to use?

Yes. Across leverages UMA’s optimistic oracle to detect invalid relays. Relayers must bond collateral, creating economic disincentives for malicious behavior. Combined with community governance and audited smart contracts, it offers a high-security standard.

❓ How fast are transfers on Across?

Most transfers complete within minutes—significantly faster than native L2 withdrawals, which can take 7 days due to fraud-proof windows.

❓ Can I earn yield with ACX?

Absolutely. You can earn ACX by providing liquidity, referring new users, or locking rewards long-term. Staking plans may be introduced post-governance proposals.

❓ Why choose Across over other bridges?

Across stands out with its single-side pool model, reducing LP risk compared to bilateral pools. Its integration with optimistic oracles allows trustless validation without compromising speed.

❓ Does Across support chains beyond L2s?

Currently focused on Ethereum and L2s, but future expansions could include EVM-compatible sidechains or app-specific rollups based on community demand.

👉 See how top protocols are integrating cross-chain tech for scalable growth

Final Thoughts: The Future of Cross-Chain with Across Protocol

As Ethereum scales through Layer 2 adoption, efficient cross-chain infrastructure becomes essential. Across Protocol fills this gap by offering a secure, low-cost, and high-speed solution tailored for the L2 era.

With strong institutional backing, innovative design, and a growing ecosystem of partners and users, Across is well-positioned to become a foundational layer in the decentralized web.

Whether you're a DeFi user seeking faster withdrawals or a liquidity provider looking for sustainable yields, Across Protocol delivers practical value today—with room to scale tomorrow.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute financial or investment advice. Always conduct your own research before engaging with any crypto project.